The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Alpinia officinarum aqueous extract (AOAex) on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. 50 adult albino male rats Sprague-Dawley strain weighting (180±10 g) were divided randomly into two groups: First main group 9 rats received a baseline diet served as negative control group. Second main group 41 rats, LPS were injected at a dose of 50 mg/kg into the rats to cause ALI, after that 5 rats from LPS groups were slaughtered to confirm ALI. Then, rats reclassified into 4 equal groups (9 rats each) as following: Group 1 served as the control positive group and 3 treated rat groups were fed basal diets and given oral doses of AOAex (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg) for 28 day. The results revealed that in the all rat groups treated by different levels of AOAex, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) and oxidative stress decreased. Also, neutrophil infiltration, lymphocytes, monocytes and IgE level reduced. Correspondingly, hematological parameters (Hb, HCT, RBCs, WBCs) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH and GPX) were improved dramatically in serum, lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Additionally, there were significant improvements in the histological examination of ALI brought on by LPS. It can be recommend that the consumption of Alpinia officinarum aqueous extract (AOAex) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and that play significant safer role from treatment of acute lung injury and inhibit of inflammatory and complications in rats.
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